Lecţia 8: English for Legal Purposes

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Scopurile şi obiectivele

În această lecţie veţi învăţa lexicul practic din domeniul dreptului.

Veţi exersa următoarele cunoştinţe şi aptitudini:

  • de a fi discret

Această lecţie se concentrează gramatical pe:

Lexic

declaraţie sub jurământ
a apela
extras din acuzare
hoţ
caz, exemplu
statutar
tribunal
daune
fapt
acuzat
divorţ
dovadă, probă
vinovat
închisoare
nevinovat
judecător
de judecată
juriu
lege
avocat
legal
legislaţie
curgere de sânge
crimă
criminal
notar
delict
precedent
instanţă de judecată
procedură de judecată
acuzator
dreptul (individului)
sentinţă
avocat, juristconsult
citaţie la judecată
mărturie
furt
hoţ
a aresta
a desemna
a revendica, a cere
a codifica
a comite
a supune unui interogatoriu contradictoriu
a decreta
a depune plângere
tribunal
verdict
voinţă, hotărâre
martor

Exersarea lexicului

Exerciţiul 1: Exersarea cuvintelor

Completaţi traducerea corectă pentru fiecare dintre termenii următori.

  1. ?
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  48. ?
  49. ?
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Exersarea auditivă

Înregistrare:
Transcriere:

Legal secretaries can work in many different areas of the law, including litigation, corporate law, criminal law, property, labour law, bankruptcy, immigration, and family law.

AHi, Michelle. I haven't seen you since we finished the secretarial course. I hear you got a job.
MYes, I started work as a legal secretary for a law firm in November.
AThat sounds important. How were you able to get a job like that?
MI did another course and specialised in legal terminology and procedures, and got myself a certificate. I applied for jobs in law firms, corporate legal departments and government offices. Then I got this job.
ASo what sort of work do you do? Isn't it boring?
MNot at all. Mostly I have the same duties as other secretaries. I prepare correspondence and legal papers such as summonses, appeals, deeds, wills, affidavits and briefs. I'm responsible for reviewing and proof-reading outgoing documents. I attend court, meetings and conferences to take notes, minutes and dictation as well. So you see, it's not at all boring.
AIsn't that a lot of responsibility?
MYes, I suppose it is, but I work under the supervision of a lawyer.
Acest exerciţiu este disponibil şi în formă pur auditiv/orală:
  1. How does Michelle's friend know that she has a new job?
    a. 
    b. 
    c. 
    ?
  2. How did Michelle get a job as a legal secretary?
    a. 
    b. 
    c. 
    ?
  3. What did Michelle have to do to get the job ?
    a. 
    b. 
    c. 
    ?
  4. What sort of work does she do?
    a. 
    b. 
    c. 
    ?
  5. Who supervises her work?
    a. 
    b. 
    c. 
    ?
Înregistrare:
Transcriere:
AlexHello Jack. Where are you off to?
JackI'm going to court and I don't want to be late.
AlexCourt! What have you done wrong, then?
JackNothing! I'm going to work. I'm a court recorder.
AlexWhere did you get that idea from?
JackWell, I was told about court recording work by a friend. I applied for a training programme to learn about stenography and was admitted. It was quite hard but I was certified last June.
AlexIsn't it a drawback to be blind?
JackNot really, you see blind stenographers use a special stenography machine for the blind. Everything is stored in computer memory and can be recalled with voice output.
AlexWhich courthouse do you work at?
JackI'm freelance. My speed is over 200 words per minute so I'm contracted by courts of law, legislative assemblies and committees. I prepare dictated reports, correspondence and statistics which require knowledge of legal terminology.
Acest exerciţiu este disponibil şi în formă pur auditiv/orală:
  1. Where is Jack going?
    a. 
    b. 
    c. 
    ?
  2. What has Jack done wrong?
    a. 
    b. 
    c. 
    ?
  3. What do blind stenographers use?
    a. 
    b. 
    c. 
    ?
  4. Who does Jack work for?
    a. 
    b. 
    c. 
    ?
  5. What sort of documents does he prepare.?
    a. 
    b. 
    c. 
    ?
Înregistrare:
Transcriere:

A man with a record for burglary was arrested by the police and taken to court on a charge of theft. The lawyer said: My client merely inserted his arm into the window and removed a few small items. There is no evidence it was he himself. His arm is not himself, and I cannot see how you can punish the whole individual for an offence committed by his arm.

The judge said: Well, using your logic, I sentence the defendant's arm to one year's imprisonment. He can accompany it or not, as he chooses.

The defendant smiled. With his lawyer's assistance he detached his artificial arm, laid it on the bench, and walked out.

Acest exerciţiu este disponibil şi în formă pur auditiv/orală:
  1. Why was the man in court?
    a. 
    b. 
    c. 
    ?
  2. What did the thief steal?
    a. 
    b. 
    c. 
    ?
  3. What was the magistrate's verdict?
    a. 
    b. 
    c. 
    ?
  4. How did the defendant remove his arm?
    a. 
    b. 
    c. 
    ?
  5. Did the defendant go to prison for the crime?
    a. 
    b. 
    c. 
    ?
Înregistrare:
Transcriere:

A man named Smith was injured when he and his horse were struck by a car at an intersection. Smith sued the driver and claimed damages. In court, he was cross-examined by the driver's lawyer. The lawyer said: Mr Smith, you've told us all about your injuries. But according to the accident report, you told the investigating officer at the scene that you were not injured at all?

Mr Smith said: Well, let me explain. When the officer arrived at the scene, he first looked at my horse. He said “Looks like he has a broken leg,” and then he took out his gun and shot the horse. Then he came up to me and asked me how I was doing. Of course I immediately said “I'm fine!

Acest exerciţiu este disponibil şi în formă pur auditiv/orală:
  1. Who sued whom?
    a. 
    b. 
    c. 
    ?
  2. What happened?
    a. 
    b. 
    c. 
    ?
  3. What did the accident report say?
    a. 
    b. 
    c. 
    ?
  4. When the officer arrived at the scene what did he do?
    a. 
    b. 
    c. 
    ?
  5. Why did the officer shoot the horse?
    a. 
    b. 
    c. 
    ?

Înţelegere generală

Exerciţiul 1: Adevărat/Fals

Pentru fiecare dintre situaţiile de mai jos, alegeţi Adevărat sau Fals.

Acest exerciţiu este disponibil şi în formă pur auditiv/orală:
  1. To work as a legal secretary you must specialise in legal terminology.


    ?
  2. A legal secretary prepares legal papers.


    ?
  3. A legal secretary's work is very boring.


    ?
  4. A court recorder works in a court room.


    ?
  5. A court recorder doesn't use a stenography machine.


    ?
  6. To be a court recorder you must be certified.


    ?
  7. There are special stenography machines for the visually impaired.


    ?
  8. A court recorder doesn't need a high speed on the stenography machine.


    ?
  9. Witnesses give testimony.


    ?
  10. Private detectives are sometimes used in divorce cases.


    ?

Exerciţiul 2: Terminarea propoziţiilor

Exersaţi-vă conversarea. După pornirea înregistrării terminaţi propoziţiile pe care le auziţi conform modelului.

Press ‘Play’ to listen to the instructions:

Exersarea gramaticii

Exerciţiul 1: Transformare

In this exercise, change the sentences from Active to Passive. All the sentences are in the Present.

Acest exerciţiu este disponibil şi în formă pur auditiv/orală:
Exemple:

The lawyer supervises her.
She is supervised by the lawyer.

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    B. ?
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    B. ?
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    B. ?
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    B. ?
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    B. ?

Exerciţiul 2: Transformare

In this exercise, change the sentences from Active to Passive. All the sentences are in the Past.

Acest exerciţiu este disponibil şi în formă pur auditiv/orală:
Exemple:

The lawyer supervised her work.
Her work was supervised by the lawyer.

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    B. ?
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    B. ?
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    B. ?

Exerciţiul 3: Transformare

In this exercise, change the sentences from Active to Passive, using the Indirect Object as subject of the passive. All the sentences are in the Past.

Acest exerciţiu este disponibil şi în formă pur auditiv/orală:
Exemple:

My friend told me the name of the company.
I was told the name of the company by my friend.

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    B. ?
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Exerciţiul 4: Ce este corect

Selectaţi răspunsul corect.

Acest exerciţiu este disponibil şi în formă pur auditiv/orală:
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    b. 
    ?
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    b. 
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Consolidare

Exerciţiul 1: Adevărat/Fals

Pentru fiecare dintre situaţiile de mai jos, alegeţi Adevărat sau Fals.

Înregistrare:
Transcriere:

European Union law comes from multiple sources and borrows from both common and civil law systems.

Common law developed in Britain. Whatever the Monarch or other legislative body decreed became law. This was interpreted in the light of particular situations and new opinions and decisions became law.

The essence of civil law, which is used in many more countries than common law, is that every law of the country is written into the law by the legislative body. The judge is limited to applying the law to the facts of a given case. Because the facts of each case may vary an unwritten system of judicial precedent has developed. Now there seems to be a convergence of the common law and the civil law systems. Common law systems are increasingly codifying their laws, while civil law systems are beginning to admit the existence of judicial precedent. Perhaps in the future, the distinctions between the two will have dissipated to the point that they appear the same.

Acest exerciţiu este disponibil şi în formă pur auditiv/orală:
  1. Common law developed in Britain and then spread to continental Europe.


    ?
  2. European Union law comes from both common and civil law systems.


    ?
  3. The civil law system is used in many more countries than common law.


    ?
  4. Codification is the essence of civil law.


    ?
  5. Common law systems are codifying their laws.


    ?
  6. Civil law systems never admit the existence of judicial precedent.


    ?
  7. Civil law relies on laws made by judges.


    ?
  8. In the future, common law and civil law will appear the same.


    ?
  9. In civil law an unwritten system of judicial precedent has developed.


    ?
  10. In a civil law system, codification is the responsibility of the legislative body.


    ?

Exerciţiul 2: Dictare

Listen to the complete recording first. Then go to the textbox and use the ‘>’ key to listen to the text section by section. Type what you hear into the textbox. For detailed instructions, read the Exercise Help.

Înregistrare:
Transcriere:

Now there seems to be a convergence of the common law and the civil law systems. Common law systems are increasingly codifying their laws, while civil law systems are beginning to admit the existence of judicial precedent. Perhaps in the future, the distinctions between the two will have dissipated to the point that they appear the same.

?

Exerciţiul 3: Completarea

Ascultaţi cu atenţie înregistrarea şi apoi completaţi spaţiile goale din textul de mai jos, folosind aceleaşi cuvinte.

Înregistrare:
Transcriere:

European Union law comes from multiple sources and borrows from both common and civil law systems.

Common law developed in Britain. Whatever the Monarch or other legislative body decreed became law. This was interpreted in the light of particular situations and new opinions and decisions became law.

The essence of civil law, which is used in many more countries than common law, is that every law of the country is written into the law by the legislative body. The judge is limited to applying the law to the facts of a given case. Because the facts of each case may vary an unwritten system of judicial precedent has developed.

European Union law comes from multiple ? and borrows from ? common and civil law systems.

? law developed in Britain. Whatever the Monarch ? other legislative body decreed became law. This was interpreted in ? light of particular situations and new opinions and decisions became law.

The essence of ? law, which is used in many more countries than common law, is that every law of the country is written ? the law ? the legislative body. The judge is limited ? applying the law to the facts of a given case. Because the facts of each case may vary ? unwritten system of judicial precedent has developed.

Exerciţiul 4: Completare prin selectare

Selectaţi cea mai potrivită posibilitate pentru completarea fiecăreia dintre propoziţiile următoare.

Acest exerciţiu este disponibil şi în formă pur auditiv/orală:
  1. Secretaries may ____ in many different areas of the law.
    a. 
    b. 
    c. 
    ?
  2. Lawyers delegate some of their ____ to their secretary.
    a. 
    b. 
    c. 
    ?
  3. Lawyers ____ divorce agreements.
    a. 
    b. 
    c. 
    ?
  4. Some employers train ____ secretaries on the job
    a. 
    b. 
    c. 
    ?
  5. Because secretaries frequently ____ with the public, they should be courteous.
    a. 
    b. 
    c. 
    ?
  6. Lawyers are responsible for legal work, but they ____ their tasks to legal secretaries.
    a. 
    b. 
    c. 
    ?
  7. Legal secretaries understand legal terminology and have organisational ____ .
    a. 
    b. 
    c. 
    ?
  8. The civil law system is used in ____ more countries than common law.
    a. 
    b. 
    c. 
    ?
  9. The judge's role is ____ to the application of the law.
    a. 
    b. 
    c. 
    ?
  10. The jury could not ____ on a verdict.
    a. 
    b. 
    c. 
    ?
  11. The murder case went ____ the Court.
    a. 
    b. 
    c. 
    ?
  12. He was____ he had the right to remain silent.
    a. 
    b. 
    c. 
    ?
  13. The ____ of a Notary is to authenticate documents.
    a. 
    b. 
    c. 
    ?
  14. The Notary has the responsibility to protect ____ fraud.
    a. 
    b. 
    c. 
    ?
  15. A ____ in England is a kind of lawyer.
    a. 
    b. 
    c. 
    ?
  16. Civil law is ____ codified.
    a. 
    b. 
    c. 
    ?
  17. In civil law, every law of the country is written ____ the law.
    a. 
    b. 
    c. 
    ?
  18. His solicitor is seeking compensation ____ the Defendant.
    a. 
    b. 
    c. 
    ?
  19. A stenographer gets a professional ____.
    a. 
    b. 
    c. 
    ?
  20. Crime doesn't ____ .
    a. 
    b. 
    c. 
    ?

Lista de control

După terminarea acestei lecţii ar trebui să fiţi capabili să:

  • să folosiţi vocabularul termenilor uzuali legali pentru soluţionarea situaţiilor
Versiunea 2.0 (2011-12-07 01:36 CET)
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