Lekce 8: English for Legal Purposes

Cíle a zaměření

V této lekci se naučíte slovní zásobu z oblasti právních pojmů.

Procvičíte si následující znalosti a dovednosti:

Být diskrétní

Gramatické zaměření této lekce:

Trpný a činný rod

Slovní zásoba

	přísežné prohlášení
	odvolání se
	výtah ze žaloby
	(bytový) lupič
	příklad
	statutární
	soudní dvůr
	škody
	čin
	obhájce
	rozvod
	důkaz
	vinen
	uvěznění
	nevinný
	soudce
	soudní
	porota
	zákon, právo
	právník
	právní
	legislativa
	krveprolití
	hypotéka
	vrah
	notář
	přestupek
	předchozí případ
	soudní řízení
	soudní postupy
	žalobce
	práva (jednotlivce)
	rozsudek
	právní zástupce
	předvolání
	svědectví
	krádež
	zloděj
	zajmout
	pověřit, přikázat
	vymáhat
	to kodifikovat
	spáchat něco
	podrobit někoho křížovému výslechu
	soudně nařídit
	žalovat
	soudní tribunál
	rozsudek
	vůle
	svědek

Procvičování slovní zásoby

Cvičení 1: Procvičování slovíček

Doplňte správný překlad pro každý z následujících výrazů.

podrobit někoho křížovému výslechu [?]
rozsudek [?]
uvěznění [?]
zajmout [?]
zloděj [?]
důkaz [?]
právník [?]
notář [?]
vrah [?]
čin [?]
svědek [?]
spáchat něco [?]
legislativa [?]
(bytový) lupič [?]
hypotéka [?]
rozvod [?]
výtah ze žaloby [?]
právní [?]
škody [?]
nevinný [?]
to kodifikovat [?]
odvolání se [?]
obhájce [?]
pověřit, přikázat [?]
porota [?]
přestupek [?]
právní zástupce [?]
předvolání [?]
žalovat [?]
krádež [?]
soudce [?]
soudní dvůr [?]
zákon, právo [?]
soudní postupy [?]
příklad [?]
soudní tribunál [?]
práva (jednotlivce) [?]
soudně nařídit [?]
soudní [?]
vinen [?]
přísežné prohlášení [?]
vůle [?]
soudní řízení [?]
rozsudek [?]
žalobce [?]
svědectví [?]
vymáhat [?]
statutární [?]
předchozí případ [?]
krveprolití [?]

Poslechová cvičení

Cvičení 1: Zaškrtávací test

Zvolte správnou odpověď.

Nahrávka:

Přepis:

Legal secretaries can work in many different areas of the law, including litigation, corporate law, criminal law, property, labour law, bankruptcy, immigration, and family law.

A	Hi, Michelle. I haven't seen you since we finished the secretarial course. I hear you got a job.
M	Yes, I started work as a legal secretary for a law firm in November.
A	That sounds important. How were you able to get a job like that?
M	I did another course and specialised in legal terminology and procedures, and got myself a certificate. I applied for jobs in law firms, corporate legal departments and government offices. Then I got this job.

A	So what sort of work do you do? Isn't it boring?
M	Not at all. Mostly I have the same duties as other secretaries. I prepare correspondence and legal papers such as summonses, appeals, deeds, wills, affidavits and briefs. I'm responsible for reviewing and proof-reading outgoing documents. I attend court, meetings and conferences to take notes, minutes and dictation as well. So you see, it's not at all boring.

A	Isn't that a lot of responsibility?

M	Yes, I suppose it is, but I work under the supervision of a lawyer.

Toto cvičení je k dispozici také v čistě poslechové/ústní formě:

How does Michelle's friend know that she has a new job?
a.
b.
c.

[?]
How did Michelle get a job as a legal secretary?
a.
b.
c.

[?]
What did Michelle have to do to get the job ?
a.
b.
c.

[?]
What sort of work does she do?
a.
b.
c.

[?]
Who supervises her work?
a.
b.
c.

[?]

Cvičení 2: Zaškrtávací test

Zvolte správnou odpověď.

Nahrávka:

Přepis:

Alex	Hello Jack. Where are you off to?
Jack	I'm going to court and I don't want to be late.
Alex	Court! What have you done wrong, then?
Jack	Nothing! I'm going to work. I'm a court recorder.
Alex	Where did you get that idea from?
Jack	Well, I was told about court recording work by a friend. I applied for a training programme to learn about stenography and was admitted. It was quite hard but I was certified last June.
Alex	Isn't it a drawback to be blind?
Jack	Not really, you see blind stenographers use a special stenography machine for the blind. Everything is stored in computer memory and can be recalled with voice output.
Alex	Which courthouse do you work at?
Jack	I'm freelance. My speed is over 200 words per minute so I'm contracted by courts of law, legislative assemblies and committees. I prepare dictated reports, correspondence and statistics which require knowledge of legal terminology.

Toto cvičení je k dispozici také v čistě poslechové/ústní formě:

Where is Jack going?
a.
b.
c.

[?]
What has Jack done wrong?
a.
b.
c.

[?]
What do blind stenographers use?
a.
b.
c.

[?]
Who does Jack work for?
a.
b.
c.

[?]
What sort of documents does he prepare.?
a.
b.
c.

[?]

Cvičení 3: Zaškrtávací test

Zvolte správnou odpověď.

Nahrávka:

Přepis:

A man with a record for burglary was arrested by the police and taken to court on a charge of theft. The lawyer said: My client merely inserted his arm into the window and removed a few small items. There is no evidence it was he himself. His arm is not himself, and I cannot see how you can punish the whole individual for an offence committed by his arm.

The judge said: Well, using your logic, I sentence the defendant's arm to one year's imprisonment. He can accompany it or not, as he chooses.

The defendant smiled. With his lawyer's assistance he detached his artificial arm, laid it on the bench, and walked out.

Toto cvičení je k dispozici také v čistě poslechové/ústní formě:

Why was the man in court?
a.
b.
c.

[?]
What did the thief steal?
a.
b.
c.

[?]
What was the magistrate's verdict?
a.
b.
c.

[?]
How did the defendant remove his arm?
a.
b.
c.

[?]
Did the defendant go to prison for the crime?
a.
b.
c.

[?]

Cvičení 4: Zaškrtávací test

Zvolte správnou odpověď.

Nahrávka:

Přepis:

A man named Smith was injured when he and his horse were struck by a car at an intersection. Smith sued the driver and claimed damages. In court, he was cross-examined by the driver's lawyer. The lawyer said: Mr Smith, you've told us all about your injuries. But according to the accident report, you told the investigating officer at the scene that you were not injured at all?

Mr Smith said: Well, let me explain. When the officer arrived at the scene, he first looked at my horse. He said “Looks like he has a broken leg,” and then he took out his gun and shot the horse. Then he came up to me and asked me how I was doing. Of course I immediately said “I'm fine!”

Toto cvičení je k dispozici také v čistě poslechové/ústní formě:

Who sued whom?
a.
b.
c.

[?]
What happened?
a.
b.
c.

[?]
What did the accident report say?
a.
b.
c.

[?]
When the officer arrived at the scene what did he do?
a.
b.
c.

[?]
Why did the officer shoot the horse?
a.
b.
c.

[?]

Obecné porozumění

Cvičení 1: Pravda/nepravda

Pro každé níže uvedené tvrzení zvolte, zda je pravdivé či nikoliv.

Cvičení 2: Dokončování vět

Procvičte si mluvení. Po spuštění nahrávky dokončujte věty, které slyšíte, podle vzoru.

Procvičování gramatiky

Cvičení 1: Transformace

In this exercise, change the sentences from Active to Passive. All the sentences are in the Present.

Cvičení 2: Transformace

In this exercise, change the sentences from Active to Passive. All the sentences are in the Past.

Cvičení 3: Transformace

In this exercise, change the sentences from Active to Passive, using the Indirect Object as subject of the passive. All the sentences are in the Past.

Cvičení 4: Co je správně

Zvolte správnou odpověď.

Konsolidace

Cvičení 1: Pravda/nepravda

Pro každé níže uvedené tvrzení zvolte, zda je pravdivé či nikoliv.

Nahrávka:

Přepis:

European Union law comes from multiple sources and borrows from both common and civil law systems.

Common law developed in Britain. Whatever the Monarch or other legislative body decreed became law. This was interpreted in the light of particular situations and new opinions and decisions became law.

The essence of civil law, which is used in many more countries than common law, is that every law of the country is written into the law by the legislative body. The judge is limited to applying the law to the facts of a given case. Because the facts of each case may vary an unwritten system of judicial precedent has developed. Now there seems to be a convergence of the common law and the civil law systems. Common law systems are increasingly codifying their laws, while civil law systems are beginning to admit the existence of judicial precedent. Perhaps in the future, the distinctions between the two will have dissipated to the point that they appear the same.

Toto cvičení je k dispozici také v čistě poslechové/ústní formě:

Common law developed in Britain and then spread to continental Europe.

[?]
European Union law comes from both common and civil law systems.

[?]
The civil law system is used in many more countries than common law.

[?]
Codification is the essence of civil law.

[?]
Common law systems are codifying their laws.

[?]
Civil law systems never admit the existence of judicial precedent.

[?]
Civil law relies on laws made by judges.

[?]
In the future, common law and civil law will appear the same.

[?]
In civil law an unwritten system of judicial precedent has developed.

[?]
In a civil law system, codification is the responsibility of the legislative body.

[?]

Cvičení 2: Diktát

Nejprve si poslechněte kompletní nahrávku. Poté přejděte do textového vstupního pole a použijte klávesu „>“ k přehrávání diktátu po částech a diktovaný text zapisujte. Více informací naleznete v nápovědě ke cvičení.

Cvičení 3: Doplňovačka

Pozorně si poslechněte nahrávku a potom vyplňte vynechaná místa v níže uvedeném textu s použitím stejných slov.

Nahrávka:

Přepis:

European Union law comes from multiple sources and borrows from both common and civil law systems.

European Union law comes from multiple [?] and borrows from [?] common and civil law systems.

[?] law developed in Britain. Whatever the Monarch [?] other legislative body decreed became law. This was interpreted in [?] light of particular situations and new opinions and decisions became law.

The essence of [?] law, which is used in many more countries than common law, is that every law of the country is written [?] the law [?] the legislative body. The judge is limited [?] applying the law to the facts of a given case. Because the facts of each case may vary [?] unwritten system of judicial precedent has developed.

Cvičení 4: Doplňování s výběrem

Vyberte nejvhodnější možnost pro doplnění každé z následujících vět.

Toto cvičení je k dispozici také v čistě poslechové/ústní formě:

Secretaries may ____ in many different areas of the law.
a.
b.
c.

[?]
Lawyers delegate some of their ____ to their secretary.
a.
b.
c.

[?]
Lawyers ____ divorce agreements.
a.
b.
c.

[?]
Some employers train ____ secretaries on the job
a.
b.
c.

[?]
Because secretaries frequently ____ with the public, they should be courteous.
a.
b.
c.

[?]
Lawyers are responsible for legal work, but they ____ their tasks to legal secretaries.
a.
b.
c.

[?]
Legal secretaries understand legal terminology and have organisational ____ .
a.
b.
c.

[?]
The civil law system is used in ____ more countries than common law.
a.
b.
c.

[?]
The judge's role is ____ to the application of the law.
a.
b.
c.

[?]
The jury could not ____ on a verdict.
a.
b.
c.

[?]
The murder case went ____ the Court.
a.
b.
c.

[?]
He was____ he had the right to remain silent.
a.
b.
c.

[?]
The ____ of a Notary is to authenticate documents.
a.
b.
c.

[?]
The Notary has the responsibility to protect ____ fraud.
a.
b.
c.

[?]
A ____ in England is a kind of lawyer.
a.
b.
c.

[?]
Civil law is ____ codified.
a.
b.
c.

[?]
In civil law, every law of the country is written ____ the law.
a.
b.
c.

[?]
His solicitor is seeking compensation ____ the Defendant.
a.
b.
c.

[?]
A stenographer gets a professional ____.
a.
b.
c.

[?]
Crime doesn't ____ .
a.
b.
c.

[?]

Kontrolní seznam

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